Introduction

Post the World War – II industrial entities remained focussed on scaling up manufacturing operations and expansion of business. Their sole objective was to meet ever growing market demands simultaneously with diversifications by adding varieties to product basket. Another set of entities remained engaged in development of new technologies and products through R&D and innovations. Miners continued to excavate mother earth to take out as much natural resources as possible. Trading entities remained busy in bridging gaps between producers and ultimateconsumers. Industrial developments also revolutionised agriculture. Availability of resources also from different sources simultaneously improved, including from government and multilateral agencies.

Around 1970 human civilisation witnessed advent of information technology aided by computer science, which was followed by internet. The entire focus of industry, trade and commerce got shifted to automation and improvements in systems and processes by reducing human intervention. This third industrial revolution brought in many benefits by way by improving speed, quality, and wastage reduction. However, all told, the theme of entire game in the business ecosystem was for volume, market share, maximisation of profit, and profitability. Industrialists and government machinery hardly had any time to ponder over the fact that the entire mad rush for reaching products and services to the ultimate consumers is in turn are hugely risk-prone and causing many irreparable damages to environmental ecosystem, humanity, and society at large.
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